Permeation devices are typically inserted into a carrier flow to generate test atmospheres for calibrating gas analyzer systems, testing hazardous gas alarms, or conducting long-term studies of effects on materials or biological systems - in short, any situation requiring a stable concentration of a specific trace chemical.

Permeation tube
The tubular device, a sealed permeable cylinder containing the desired permeant gas, is the most widely used of the various permeation devices. Release of the chemical occurs by permeation through the walls of the Teflon® tube for the entire length between the impermeable plugs. A wide range of rates can be achieved by varying the length and thickness of the tube, with typical rates ranging from 5 ng/min to 50,000 ng/min.

Extended life tubular device
Our unique extended life tubular (XLT) device is essentially a standard tubular device coupled to an impermeable stainless steel reservoir. This design offers a range of permeation rates corresponding to a tubular device but has a significantly enhanced lifetime - by a factor of 3 for a 5 cm (active length) device or a factor of 12 for a 1 cm device.

Wafer device
Wafer devices have only a small permeable window, or wafer, so permeation rates are typically an order of magnitude lower than rates for tubular devices. Since permeation occurs only through the polymeric wafer, the permeation rate is controlled by varying the wafer material, the thickness of the wafer, and the diameter of the permeation opening. Gases whose high vapor pressure at normal permeation temperatures prevent their containment in a tubular device can be contained in a wafer device. Wafer devices are available in different styles to allow use in calibrators made by various manufacturers.